SFOC’s and ExemptionsUAV operations can be carried out under the authority of a Special Flight Operations Certificate (SFOC), issued by Transport Canada. However, under certain conditions, operations can be exempted from the requirement to obtain an SFOC. There is one set of conditions for UAVs with a maximum take-off weight (with payload) of 2 kg (4.4 lbs) or less and a second set of conditions for UAVs with a maximum take-off weight exceeding 2 kg but not exceeding 25 kg (55 lbs). Required TrainingIn all three cases, Transport Canada requires that the UAV pilots be appropriately trained. All UAV operations require that: Any person conducting operations under [an] exemption shall be familiar with the relevant aeronautical information that is appropriate to the intended flight, before commencing a flight.No person operating under [an] exemption is relieved from complying with the provisions of any other relevant Acts, Regulations or laws or from any level of government.The pilot conducting operations under [an] exemption shall be appropriately trained on the UAV system and qualified for the area and type of operation as referred to in Transport Canada guidance material.